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In the same way as structures exhibit natural frequencies, the fluid within piping systems also exhibits acoustic natural frequencies. These are frequencies at which standing wave patterns are established in the liquid or gas. Acoustic natural frequencies can amplify low levels of pressure pulsation in a system to cause high amplitudes of pressure pulsation, which can lead to excessive shaking forces.
Positive displacement pumps and reciprocating compressors generate oscillating pressure fluctuations in the process fluid simply by virtue of the way in which they operate.
The dominant excitation frequencies relate to machinery operating speed or multiples thereof, and the resulting pressure force fluctuations can be further amplified by acoustic natural frequencies of the system. Mechanical response leading to resonance would lead to mechanical failure of the piping systems and must there for be avoided.
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